Asthma

Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, a whistling sound (wheezing) when you breathe out and shortness of breath. For some people, asthma is a minor nuisance. For others, it can be a major problem that interferes with daily activities and may lead to a life-threatening asthma attack.

Symptoms & causes

Symptoms

Shortness of breath
Chest tightness or pain
Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common sign of asthma in children
Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing
Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu

Causes

Exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies (allergens) can trigger signs and symptoms of asthma. Asthma triggers are different from person to person and can include: Airborne allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander or particles of cockroach waste; Respiratory infections, such as the common cold; Physical activity; Cold air; Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke; Certain medications, including beta blockers, aspirin, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Strong emotions and stress; Sulfites and preservatives added to some foods and beverages; Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which stomach acids back up into your throat.